关于配额和查询复杂度

配额 和 查询复杂度 是限制和约束用户在 ClickHouse 中可以执行的操作的强大方法。

配额在时间间隔内应用限制，而查询复杂度则与时间间隔无关。

本知识库文章展示了如何应用这两种不同方法的示例。

示例数据

出于这些示例的目的，我们参考这个简单的示例表

clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE TABLE default.test_table (name String, age UInt8) ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple();

-- CREATE TABLE default.test_table
-- (
--     `name` String,
--     `age` UInt8
-- )
-- ENGINE = MergeTree
-- ORDER BY tuple()

-- Query id: 4fd405db-a96e-4004-b1f6-e7f87def05d7

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.313 sec.

clickhouse-cloud :) INSERT INTO default.test_table SELECT * FROM generateRandom('name String, age UInt8',1,1) LIMIT 100;

-- INSERT INTO default.test_table SELECT *
-- FROM generateRandom('name String, age UInt8', 1, 1)
-- LIMIT 100

-- Query id: 6eccfdc6-d98c-4377-ae25-f18deec6c807

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.055 sec.

clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT * FROM default.test_table_00006488 LIMIT 5

-- SELECT *
-- FROM default.test_table_00006488
-- LIMIT 5

-- Query id: 9fa58419-fb57-4260-886a-ccb836449f58

-- ┌─name─┬─age─┐
-- │      │ 200 │
-- │ 4    │  72 │
-- │ +    │ 127 │
-- │      │ 144 │
-- │ ]    │  60 │
-- └──────┴─────┘

-- 5 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.003 sec.

使用配额

在本示例中，我们创建一个角色，我们将在其上应用配额，该配额仅允许每 10 秒间隔检索 10 行结果。

# AS the privileged user

# create a user
clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE USER user_with_quota IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password BY 'Dr6P1S8SGaQ@u!BUAnv';

-- CREATE USER user_with_quota IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_hash BY '2444E98ADA7433FC12F55C467D3564BF87F47B1A996E70D77496A2F1E42BAD73' SALT '129F92F8AB4AB6E56A01AA826D10D1239F14148606E197EB19D7612F8AF8BC52'

-- Query id: 542a4013-e34c-4776-b374-962fcfd2575a

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.097 sec.

# create a role to which quotas will be applied
clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE ROLE role_with_quota

-- CREATE ROLE role_with_quota

-- Query id: 133a843b-8619-4642-84d9-9c232539b6a0

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.096 sec.


-- grant select privileges
clickhouse-cloud :) GRANT SELECT ON default.* TO role_with_quota;

-- GRANT SELECT ON default.* TO role_with_quota

-- Query id: 1b0e295e-597d-477f-8847-13411157fd1c

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.100 sec.


-- grant role to the user
clickhouse-cloud :) GRANT role_with_quota TO user_with_quota

-- GRANT role_with_quota TO user_with_quota

-- Query id: 0e19ff50-8990-4c17-8f91-5c8ce4142bdd

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.099 sec.


-- create a quota that allows max 10 result rows in each 10 seconds interval and apply that to the role
clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE QUOTA quota_max_10_result_rows_per_10_seconds FOR INTERVAL 10 second MAX result_rows = 10 TO role_with_quota

-- CREATE QUOTA quota_max_10_result_rows_per_10_seconds FOR INTERVAL 10 second MAX result_rows = 10 TO role_with_quota

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 23.427 sec.

-- Query id: fe4d2038-2d35-415d-89ec-9eaaa2533fcd

现在以用户 user_with_quota 的身份登录

-- login as the user where quota is applied through the role
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT user()

-- SELECT user()

-- Query id: 56ebd28d-0d36-4caf-9cef-c3e51d9f0b9d

-- ┌─currentUser()───┐
-- │ user_with_quota │
-- └─────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.


-- list grants
clickhouse-cloud :) SHOW GRANTS

-- SHOW GRANTS

-- Query id: cc78bada-28f4-4862-9fdf-7e68aae6fd80

-- ┌─GRANTS───────────────────────────────────┐
-- │ GRANT role_with_quota TO user_with_quota │
-- └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.

-- check the timem
clickhouse-cloud :) select now()

-- SELECT now()

-- Query id: bbbd54a8-6c2f-4d3b-982a-03d7bd143aa9

-- ┌───────────────now()─┐
-- │ 2023-10-25 14:37:38 │
-- └─────────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.


-- query ten rows
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT * FROM test_table LIMIT 10

-- SELECT *
-- FROM test_table
-- LIMIT 10

-- Query id: 20f1c02f-c938-4d06-851d-824c82693eb9

-- ┌─name─┬─age─┐
-- │      │ 200 │
-- │ 4    │  72 │
-- │ +    │ 127 │
-- │      │ 144 │
-- │ ]    │  60 │
-- │      │ 137 │
-- │      │ 176 │
-- │      │ 147 │
-- │      │ 107 │
-- │ Q    │ 128 │
-- └──────┴─────┘

-- 10 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.

-- attempt to get another row within the 10 seconds interval since the last query
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT * FROM test_table LIMIT 1

-- SELECT *
-- FROM test_table
-- LIMIT 1

-- Query id: 48ae46ef-7b33-4765-affa-e47e889f48e5


-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.094 sec.

-- Received exception from server (version 23.8.1):
-- Code: 201. DB::Exception: Received from dxqjx1s5lt.eu-west-1.aws.clickhouse.cloud:9440. DB::Exception: Quota for user `user_with_quota` for 10s has been exceeded: result_rows = 11/10. 
-- Interval will end at 2023-10-25 14:37:50. Name of quota template: `quota_max_10_result_rows_per_10_seconds`. (QUOTA_EXCEEDED)


-- check the time
clickhouse-cloud :) select now()

-- SELECT now()

-- Query id: 87f190f6-3f75-4fe6-bf9c-c80ed88e179f

-- ┌───────────────now()─┐
-- │ 2023-10-25 14:37:45 │
-- └─────────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.

请注意，用户需要等待另外 5 秒才能获得新的 10 行结果集“配额”。

使用查询复杂度

在本示例中，我们创建一个角色，我们将在其上应用一个查询复杂度 SETTING，该设置允许每个查询最多返回 1 行。

-- AS the privileged user
-- create a user
clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE USER user_with_query_complexity IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password BY 'Dr6P1S8SGaQ@u!BUAnv';

-- CREATE USER user_with_query_complexity IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_hash BY '99AB4976077304554286C43AA47C3BEDA5758EF56282C2FC90C0787DC6FE72BC' SALT '5A50D2B9B1DF7E8A1AA9A2CC00BCF802B7F605281A09E18E237447509B5C7A7C'

-- Query id: 91856182-f2bb-40cc-8902-2786beeeb93d

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.104 sec.


-- create a role with query complexity SETTINGS that allows only one role in resultset
clickhouse-cloud :) CREATE ROLE role_with_query_complexity SETTINGS max_result_rows=1;

-- CREATE ROLE role_with_query_complexity SETTINGS max_result_rows = 1

-- Query id: ec3d89fe-cab8-4cc3-9180-da5c93519643

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.097 sec.


-- grant select privileges
clickhouse-cloud :) GRANT SELECT ON default.* TO role_with_query_complexity;

-- GRANT SELECT ON default.* TO role_with_query_complexity

-- Query id: 230774ad-8073-4e2e-9530-3e90bce41cb1

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.097 sec.


-- grant role to the user
clickhouse-cloud :) GRANT role_with_query_complexity TO user_with_query_complexity

-- GRANT role_with_query_complexity TO user_with_query_complexity

-- Query id: f28c7c7b-61f7-48a8-a281-1f3784764b47

-- Ok.

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.096 sec.

现在以用户 user_with_query_complexity 的身份登录

-- login as the user where query complexity is applied through the role
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT user();

-- SELECT user()

-- Query id: 196c91fc-abff-464d-acce-6af961c233a3

-- ┌─currentUser()──────────────┐
-- │ user_with_query_complexity │
-- └────────────────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.


-- list grants
clickhouse-cloud :) SHOW GRANTS

-- SHOW GRANTS

-- Query id: 87657b99-c3d9-4ffd-90e8-488f04f7f93b

-- ┌─GRANTS─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-- │ GRANT role_with_query_complexity TO user_with_query_complexity │
-- └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.

-- attempt to query with 1 row in resultset
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT * FROM default.test_table LIMIT 1;

-- SELECT *
-- FROM default.test_table
-- LIMIT 1

-- Query id: 7266891b-8611-4342-81b0-fe04766e62fa

-- ┌─name─┬─age─┐
-- │      │ 200 │
-- └──────┴─────┘

-- 1 row in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.


-- attempt to query with more than 1 row in resultset
clickhouse-cloud :) SELECT * FROM default.test_table LIMIT 2;

-- SELECT *
-- FROM default.test_table
-- LIMIT 2

-- Query id: ec8ecff3-f731-45bd-bb27-894ba358c7c8

-- 0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.091 sec.

--Received exception from server (version 23.8.1):
--Code: 396. DB::Exception: Received from dxqjx1s5lt.eu-west-1.aws.clickhouse.cloud:9440. 
--DB::Exception: Limit for result exceeded, max rows: 1.00, current rows: 2.00. (TOO_MANY_ROWS_OR_BYTES)

每当尝试在结果集中获取超过 1 行时，查询复杂度约束就会生效。